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    Six Ways to Defeat Stereotype Threat

    What if everyone you met had low expectations of your abilities, and it was up to you to prove them wrong? Do you think this kind of social mistrust would help or hinder your ability to do your best?

    The term “stereotype threat,” coined in 1995 by researchers Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson, describes a phenomenon where the expectation of being stereotyped can produce academic underperformance. Merely thinking about overcoming a stereotype can cause anxiety so strong that it overwhelms your ability to focus, even on topics you know well. It’s a catch-22 where trying too hard to prove a stereotype wrong actually results in proving it right.

    Does this sound familiar? You’re not alone. Given the right context, anyone can fall prey to stereotype threat, but in testing environments, it is most prevalent among “identity-threatened” groups underrepresented within the test subject. For medicine it might be women, African Americans, or anyone who has reason to expect that they might be viewed through the lens of stereotype.

    Beat the odds with six techniques proven to reduce the effects of stereotype threat:

    1. Think about or write down your values. This might seem like an irrelevant exercise, but the act of identifying values and traits unique to you is a centering activity that has been shown to counter the effect of feeling identified with a stereotyped group.
    2. Think about high achievers in your group. When you redirect your thoughts to those who have succeeded where you fear others expect you to fail, it helps “answer” or reject stereotype threat so you can mentally move on.
    3. Get a mentor. Mentors in your underrepresented group help dispel the anxiety and thought patterns of stereotype threat. Mentors also tend to focus on you as an individual, which also counters focus on stereotypes.
    4. Remind yourself that you are a physician. You belong to that group, and that group is filled with high achievers like you. People in high-achieving groups have less risk of falling prey to stereotype threat.
    5. Attribute nervousness and anxiety to external causes. Studies show that when you remind yourself that most everyone feels anxious before a high-stakes exam, a speaking engagement, or an important interview, you dismiss the perception that it has anything to do with stereotyping.
    6. Take the incremental view. Recognize that intelligence, ability, and performance are things that can change and grow. Studies show that those who believe intelligence is “fixed” or unchangeable tend to view tests as a defining activity, which exacerbates stereotype threat. Those who take a growth mindset are less susceptible.

    Want more study tips and techniques? Follow us @MedStudyStrong.

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